The building, constructed in 1914 by Governor Ahmed Muammer Bey Efendi as the Mekteb-i Sanayi Workshop, was opened to the public as the Sivas Archaeology Museum by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism on April 29, 2009, and and is the largest archaeological museum in Central Anatolia.
The museum houses fossil remains of various mammals that lived in the region 9 million years ago, as well as numerous artifacts from the Chalcolithic Age (5500–3000 BCE), the Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE), and the Hittites, as well as artifacts from the Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods.